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patient advocacy
Patient advocacy is an area of lay specialization in health care concerned with advocacy for patients, survivors and carers. The patient advocate may be an individual or an organization, often, though not always, concerned with one specific group of disorders. The terms patient advocate and patient advocacy can refer both to individual advocates providing services that organizations also provide, and to organizations whose functions extend to individual patients. Some patient advocates work for the institutions that are directly responsible for the patient’s care.
Typical advocacy activities are: patient rights, matters of privacy, confidentiality or informed consent, patient representation, awareness building, and support and education of patients, survivors and their carers. Patient advocates give a voice to patients, survivors and their carers on healthcare-related (public) fora, informing the public, the political and regulatory world, health-care providers (hospitals, insurers, pharmaceutical companies etc.), organisations of health-care professionals, the educational world, and the medical and pharmaceutical research communities.
== History ==
Patient advocacy in its current form finds its origins in the early days of cancer research and treatment, in the 1950s. It's part of the notion of ''Total Care'', a term coined by Sidney Farber, a Harvard physician and cancer researcher, referring to the treatment of children suffering from leukemia. “Total care signified that the cancer clinician treated the family as a whole,” and “()he concept of Total Care subordinated clinical investigation to patient welfare….” This is “…because clinical investigation in the field of cancer may be carried out only as part of the ''total care'' of the patient.”〔 quoted in .〕 Cancer patients are usually not in a position to take an assertive stance, and even less so in the 50s; clinicians recruited patients for tests and suspicion reigned at the NIH as researchers had to convince doctors and patients they weren't experimenting on people. To properly represent patients in this medico-legal and ethical discussion, patient advocacy came into being.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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